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Pencil, pencils, s.n. - From fr. crayon

  1. Writing or drawing tool, consisting of a black or colored mine, protected by a usual wood cover; a jar made of clay combined with different substances, with which it can be drawn in different colors. 2. Drawing made in pencil (1). 3. Fig. How to write, compose; the ease to write, to compose something (valuable). 4. Object in the form of a pencil (1) made from cosmetic substances, used as a blush. 5. (In the syntagm) Light pencil = electronic device used to insert data and information into minicomputers.
    Until the 16th century, the pencil was made of silver or lead (v. Condei). Since then, the graphite, the soft, gray mineral substance, has become a basic material for pencil making.

At the end of the 18th century, N. J. Conte (France) and J. Hardmuth (Austria) succeeded, through blends of graphite and clay, to obtain different varieties of pencil (which bears their name) with varying degrees of softness (v. The hardness of the pencil differs from H = hard (or strength) to B = black and is numbered from 1 to 7 (7B = the softer).

Depending on the degree of pencil or softness of the pencil, very accurate linear drawings (Holbein, Ingres, sculptor drawings) or drawings with subtle shifts from light to shadow (Degas, Dufy) are obtained.

In Romania, the pencil drawing enjoyed great appreciation; Nicolae Grigorescu left thousands of drawings, but also from Luchian, Ressu, Pallady, Iser, Steriadi, Tonitza, St. Dimitrescu, s.a.

Pencils can also be colored; drawings of this kind acquire, through the addition of color, other aesthetic characters, approaching the watercolor and sometimes the painting

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